Kukhona ukudideka okuthile okuzungeze ubudlelwano phakathi kokunemba kokwehla, ukubekezelela kwayo ukukhiqizwa kanye nezinga lokucaciswa kwangaphakathi noma 'ukudlala' phakathi kwemigwaqo yomjaho namabhola. Lapha, u-Wu Shizheng, umqondisi ophethe we-JITO Bearings, uchwepheshe ophethe amabhere amancane namancane, usikhanyisela ngokuthi kungani le nganekwane iqhubeka nokuthi yini onjiniyela okufanele bayibheke.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, efekthri yezikhali eScotland, indoda eyayingaziwa kangako igama layo uStanley Parker yathuthukisa umqondo wesikhundla sangempela, noma lokho esikwazi namuhla ngokuthi i-Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T). UParker waphawula ukuthi nakuba ezinye zezingxenye ezisebenzayo ezakhelwe ama-torpedoes zanqatshwa ngemva kokuhlolwa, zisathunyelwa ekukhiqizeni.
Lapho ebhekisisa kahle, wathola ukuthi yisona sizathu sokubekezelelana okufanele kusolwe. Ukubekezelelana kokudidiyela kwe-XY okungokwesiko kwakha indawo yokubekezelela isikwele, engayifaki ingxenye nakuba ithatha iphoyinti endaweni eyindilinga egobile phakathi kwamakhona esikwele. Waqhubeka nokushicilela lokho akutholile mayelana nendlela yokuthola isikhundla sangempela encwadini enesihloko esithi Drawings and Dimensions.
*Imvume yangaphakathi
Namuhla, lokhu kuqonda kusisiza ukuba sithuthukise ama-bearings abonisa izinga elithile lokudlala noma ukuxega, okunye okwaziwa ngokuthi imvume yangaphakathi noma, ikakhulukazi, i-radial ne-axial play. I-Radial play iwukucaciswa okukalwa ngokuphenduphenduka kwe-eksisi ethwele futhi ukudlala kwe-axial kuwukucaciswa okukalwa ngokuhambisana ne-eksisi ethwele.
Lo mdlalo uklanyelwe i-bearing kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze uvumele ukuthwala ukusekela imithwalo ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nokwanda kwezinga lokushisa nokuthi ukulingana phakathi kwamasongo angaphakathi nangaphandle kuzothinta kanjani ukuphila kokuthwala.
Ngokukhethekile, imvume ingathinta umsindo, ukudlidliza, ingcindezi yokushisa, ukuchezuka, ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo kanye nempilo yokukhathala. Ukudlala kwe-radial ephezulu kuyathandeka ezimeni lapho indandatho yangaphakathi noma i-shaft kulindeleke ukuthi ishise futhi inwebe ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa uma kuqhathaniswa neringi yangaphandle noma indlu. Kulesi simo, ukudlala ku-bearing kuzonciphisa. Ngokuphambene, ukudlala kuzokwanda uma iringi yangaphandle inweba ngaphezu kweringi yangaphakathi.
Ukudlala kwe-axial ephakeme kuyadingeka ezinhlelweni lapho kukhona ukungahambi kahle phakathi kwe-shaft kanye nezindlu njengoba ukungahambi kahle kungabangela ukuthwala nge-internal clearance encane ukuhluleka ngokushesha. Ukucaciswa okukhulu kungavumela futhi ukuthi i-bearing ibhekane nemithwalo ye-thrust ephakeme kancane njengoba yethula i-engeli yokuxhumana ephezulu.
*Izimfanelo
Kubalulekile ukuthi onjiniyela bathole ibhalansi efanele yemvume yangaphakathi ku-bearing. I-amandla eqine kakhulu enokungadlali okwanele izodala ukushisa okudlulele nokungqubuzana, okuzobangela amabhola ukuthi ashibilike kumgwaqo womjaho futhi asheshise ukuguga. Ngokufanayo, ukucaciswa okuningi kuzonyusa umsindo nokudlidliza futhi kunciphise ukunemba kokujikeleza.
Ukuhlanza kungalawulwa ngokusebenzisa ama-fit ahlukene. Ukulingana kobunjiniyela kubhekisela ekuvunyelweni phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili zokukhwelana. Lokhu kuvame ukuchazwa njenge-shaft embobeni futhi kumele izinga lokuqina noma ukuxega phakathi kwe-shaft neringi yangaphakathi naphakathi kweringi yangaphandle nendlu. Ivamise ukuzibonakalisa ngokulingana okuxekethile, ukucaciswa noma ukulingana okuqinile, okuphazamisekile.
Ukulingana okuqinile phakathi kweringi yangaphakathi kanye ne-shaft kubalulekile ukuyigcina isendaweni kanye nokuvimbela i-creepage engafuneki noma ukushelela, okungadala ukushisa nokudlidliza futhi kubangele ukuwohloka.
Kodwa-ke, ukulingana kokuphazamiseka kuzonciphisa imvume kubheringi yebhola njengoba kunweba iringi yangaphakathi. Ukulingana okuqinile okufanayo phakathi kweringi yendlu nengaphandle kubheyili ene-radial play ephansi kuzocindezela iringi yangaphandle futhi kunciphise ukucaciswa nangaphezulu. Lokhu kuzoholela ekukhishweni okungekuhle kwangaphakathi - okwenza i-shaft ibe mkhulu kunembobo - futhi kuholele ekungqubuzaneni okukhulu nokwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Inhloso wukuba nomdlalo ongasebenzi kahle uma i-bearing isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ukudlala kwe-radial kokuqala okudingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ngamabhola ashibilikayo noma ashelelayo, kunciphise ukuqina kanye nokunemba kokujikeleza. Lokhu kudlala kweradial kokuqala kungasuswa kusetshenziswa ukulayisha kuqala. Ukulayisha kuqala kuyindlela yokubeka umthwalo we-axial unomphela ebhereni, uma isifakiwe, ngokusebenzisa amawasha noma iziphethu ezifakwe phakathi neringi yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle.
Onjiniyela kufanele futhi bacabangele iqiniso lokuthi kulula ukunciphisa imvume ku-bearing enengxenye encane ngoba amaringi mancane futhi kulula ukuwohloka. Njengomkhiqizi wama-bearings amancane namancane, i-JITO Bearings yeluleka amakhasimende ayo ukuthi ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kufanele kuthathwe ngokulingana kwe-shaft-to-house. I-Shaft ne-roundness yezindlu nayo ibaluleke kakhulu ngama-bearings ohlobo oluncane ngoba i-shaft engaphandle izolimaza izindandatho ezincane futhi ikhulise umsindo, ukudlidliza kanye ne-torque.
*Ukubekezelelana
Ukungaqondi kahle mayelana nendima yokudlala kwe-radial ne-axial kuye kwaholela abaningi ekudidekeni ubudlelwano phakathi kokudlala nokunemba, ikakhulukazi ukunemba okuwumphumela wokubekezelela okungcono kokukhiqiza.
Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi ukunemba okuphezulu akufanele kube nokudlala futhi kufanele kujikeleze ngokunembe kakhulu. Kubo, ukudlala kweradial okuxekethile kuzwakala kunganembe kangako futhi kunikeza umbono wekhwalithi ephansi, nakuba kungase kube ukunemba okuphezulu okuklanywe ngamabomu ngokudlala okuxekethile. Isibonelo, sibuze amanye amakhasimende ethu esikhathini esidlule ukuthi kungani efuna ukunemba okuphezulu futhi asitshele ukuthi afuna, “ukunciphisa ukudlala”.
Nokho, kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukubekezelelana kuthuthukisa ukunemba. Kungakabiphi ngemva kokufika kokukhiqiza ngobuningi, onjiniyela baqaphela ukuthi akusebenzi futhi akukona ukonga, uma kungenzeka, ukwenza imikhiqizo emibili efana ncamashi. Ngisho nalapho zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo zokukhiqiza zigcinwa zifana, kuzohlala kunomehluko omncane phakathi kweyunithi eyodwa nelandelayo.
Namuhla, lokhu sekumela ukubekezelelana okuvunyelwe noma okwamukelekayo. Izigaba zokubekezelela amabheringi ebhola, ezaziwa ngezilinganiso ze-ISO (metric) noma ze-ABEC (intshi), zilawula ukuchezuka okuvunyelwe kanye nezilinganiso zekhava ezihlanganisa usayizi wendandatho yangaphakathi nangaphandle kanye nokuyindilinga kwamaringi nemigwaqo yomjaho. Lapho ikilasi liphakeme futhi kuqina ukubekezelelana, ukunemba kuyoba okunembayo lapho isiqoqiwe.
Ngokuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokulinganisa nokudlala kwe-radial kanye ne-axial ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, onjiniyela bangafinyelela imvume yokusebenza eyiziro efanelekile futhi baqinisekise umsindo ophansi nokujikeleza okunembile. Ngokwenza kanjalo, singasusa ukudideka phakathi kokunemba nokudlala futhi, ngendlela efanayo naleyo u-Stanley Parker aguqule ngayo ukulinganisa kwezimboni, ngokuyisisekelo siguqule indlela esibheka ngayo ama-bearings.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-04-2021
